Ethics and Malpractice Statement
This journal follows the Core Practices and guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authors, reviewers, and editors are expected to adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct throughout the publication process.
Editorial Responsibilities
Impartiality
Editors evaluate submitted manuscripts exclusively on the basis of their academic merit, originality, and relevance to the journal’s scope. Decisions are made without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
Editorial Responsibility
The Editor-in-Chief holds final responsibility for all editorial decisions and for the content published in the journal. Editorial decisions are informed by consultation with the Editorial Board. In cases involving ethical concerns, additional review may be sought. The journal is committed to maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record and, where necessary, will publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, or expressions of concern.
Confidentiality
Editors and editorial staff must treat all submitted manuscripts as confidential documents. Information regarding submissions may only be shared with the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. The anonymity of both authors and reviewers is preserved under the journal’s double-blind peer review process.
Conflicts of Interest and Disclosure
Editors must not use unpublished information disclosed in submitted manuscripts for personal research purposes. Any conflicts of interest must be declared, and editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where such conflicts exist.
Editorial Independence
Editorial decisions are made independently of commercial considerations. Advertising, sponsorship, or other financial arrangements do not influence editorial processes. In cases of conflict of interest, responsibility for the manuscript is delegated to another editor or member of the Editorial Board.
Ethical Oversight and Misconduct
Editors are responsible for investigating allegations of research or publication misconduct. Appropriate action will be taken in accordance with COPE guidelines, including the publication of corrections, retractions, or other notices where necessary.
Responsibilities of Reviewers
Contribution to Editorial Decisions
Peer review supports editorial decision-making and contributes to improving the quality of submitted manuscripts.
Timeliness
Reviewers should respond promptly to review invitations and complete reviews within the agreed timeframe. If unable to review, they must inform the editor as soon as possible.
Confidentiality
Manuscripts under review must be treated as confidential documents and must not be shared or discussed with others without authorization from the editor.
Objectivity and Standards
Reviews should be conducted objectively, with clear, constructive, and evidence-based feedback. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate.
Acknowledgement of Sources
Reviewers should identify relevant work not cited by the authors and report any substantial similarity or overlap with other publications.
Ethical Concerns
Any ethical concerns regarding the manuscript should be reported to the editor.
Conflicts of Interest
Reviewers must decline to review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or institutional relationships.
Responsibilities of Authors
Reporting Standards
Authors must present an accurate and objective account of their research, with sufficient detail to allow replication and verification. Fabrication, falsification, or misrepresentation of data constitutes unethical behavior.
Originality and Plagiarism
Submissions must be original. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others is required in all cases.
Multiple or Redundant Publication
Authors must not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously or publish redundant material without appropriate disclosure.
Acknowledgement of Sources
All sources influencing the research must be properly cited.
Authorship
Authorship is limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the research. All co-authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission.
Research Involving Humans or Animals
Where applicable, authors must provide evidence of approval from relevant ethics committees and ensure compliance with applicable regulations.
Conflicts of Interest and Funding Disclosure
Authors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest and identify all sources of funding.
Corrections and Retractions
Authors are responsible for notifying the journal promptly if significant errors are identified in their published work and must cooperate in issuing corrections or retractions.
Publisher Responsibilities
In cases of alleged or confirmed misconduct, including plagiarism or fraudulent publication, the publisher, in collaboration with the editorial team, will take appropriate action to investigate and resolve the issue. This may include the publication of corrections, retractions, or other necessary notices.